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Colon cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. About 5% to 10% of colon cancer is closely related to genetic factors, such as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and other genetic diseases, will greatly increase the risk of colon cancer patients. In addition, inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, due to long-term inflammation of the intestine, the intestinal mucosa is repeatedly damaged and repaired, which is easy to cause cellular gene mutations, further increasing the incidence of colon cancer. Colorectal adenomas are also important precancerous lesions, and the larger the adenoma and the more villous components, the higher the likelihood of cancer.

More than 2 million new cases of colon cancer occur globally each year. According to the latest global cancer burden data for 2020 released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization, colorectal cancer has the second highest death rate in the world after lung cancer, accounting for 9.4% of the total cancer deaths. At present, the drugs used to treat colon cancer mainly include chemotherapy drugs (fluorouracil, platinum drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors), monoclonal antibody targeting drugs and immunotherapy drugs. However, these drugs have many limitations in the treatment process, mainly reflected in the efficacy, drug resistance, suitable population and obvious side effects.

The researchers found that metabolites of some gut microbes can regulate the activity of immune cells, making them better able to play an anti-tumor role. For example, by regulating the function of T cells, NK cells, etc., to enhance their cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the growth and spread of tumors. Based on this discovery, LS-LBP-05 mimics with better bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties were developed by structural modification and optimization of natural substances based on intestinal microbiome related metabolites. This drug can not only reduce the toxic side effects (such as bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney function damage, etc.), but also improve the treatment effect of colon cancer.