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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and covers a wide range of conditions. Among them, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the most common. In China, there are about 1.5 million IBD patients; In the United States, there are as many as 3 million; It affects about 10 million people worldwide. Moreover, the prevalence of IBD is expected to continue to rise in the coming years.

Symptoms of IBD are varied and include diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, and weight loss. In the long term, IBD patients also have a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer. At present, the first line of treatment for IBD is usually 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), such as mesalazine. Such drugs are relatively safe, but from the long-term treatment effect, a considerable number of patients can not rely on them to maintain a state of remission. During the onset of the disease, corticosteroid drugs (such as prednisone) are often used, and although these drugs are effective in controlling the onset of the disease, long-term use can bring many side effects, which not only limits the duration of treatment, but also requires the addition of other immunosuppressants as maintenance therapy. For patients whose condition is not effectively controlled after using 5-ASA drugs and steroid drugs, traditional immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and methotrexate may be switched.

However, some patients who do not maintain remission with these immunosuppressants, and many patients who fail 5-ASA therapy, will be further upgraded to biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, T-cell migration regulators, and interleukin-12/23 inhibitors. This may be followed by new subclasses of drugs, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors or sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators. But these drugs achieve clinical remission in only a small number of patients, and the initial clinical benefit often wears off over time. In addition, some drugs can cause adverse events, including serious infections and lymphoma.

Although some progress has been made in the study of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, the exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood. Currently, it is widely accepted that IBD results from altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system in genetically susceptible individuals. Existing treatments for IBD have mostly focused on suppressing the immune system, ignoring the important role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of the disease. In contrast, Lishan's treatment for inflammatory bowel disease targets the imbalance of gut bacteria as one of the key factors that trigger the disease. LS-LBP-01, Lishan's first living biologic drug, focuses on the movement phenotype of bacteria, and is committed to relieving inflammation and oxidative stress and restoring intestinal microecological balance from a biophysical perspective.